When academics work for free for publishers (not being paid for the articles they write, peer reviewing as a 'professional responsibility' or editing journals as a career enhancement strategy), where does the unpaid fee(s) end up... for Elsevier & Springer, its pretty clear it ends up boosting the bottom line.

Does the service academic publishers provide to the universities justify the (large scale) exploitation of academic staff time & effort?

#universities
h/t Phillip Heinberger/LinkedIn